Can you cut metal with a CNC router? ⚙️
Yes, a CNC router can cut certain metals, particularly softer, non-ferrous metals like aluminium, brass, and copper. However, successful metal cutting on a CNC router depends on the router’s build quality, spindle power, tool selection, and machining parameters, as metal is generally more challenging to cut than wood or plastic.
Here are key considerations for cutting metal on a CNC router:
Tool Selection
Using the correct cutting tools is crucial when cutting metal. Carbide end mills are commonly recommended due to their hardness and durability. Select tools with the appropriate flute count and coating designed for the specific metal, as this can impact chip removal, surface finish, and tool life.
Spindle Power and Speed
CNC routers with higher spindle power are better suited for metal cutting, as they can sustain the forces needed. Spindle speed should be adjusted to match the metal type, typically slower than for softer materials. Non-ferrous metals generally require faster spindle speeds compared to harder metals, which are often beyond a typical CNC router's capability.
Feed Rate and Depth of Cut
Metal cutting generally requires slower feed rates and shallower depths of cut to prevent tool wear, minimize heat buildup, and avoid deforming the material. Slower feed rates also reduce the chance of chatter and improve overall cut quality.
Cooling and Lubrication
To manage heat and improve cutting performance, cooling or lubrication methods, such as mist coolant, compressed air, or even flood coolant, can be used. Proper cooling reduces heat buildup, extends tool life, and helps achieve smoother finishes by reducing friction.
Machine Rigidity and Stability
Metal cutting generates more force and requires greater machine rigidity than other materials. A CNC router with a robust frame and strong construction is essential for stability. Lightweight CNC routers may struggle with metal, leading to excessive vibration, deflection, and poor cut quality.
Limitations
It is important to note that while CNC routers are effective for softer metals, they are generally not suited for cutting hard metals like steel, stainless steel, or titanium. These metals require greater rigidity, slower speeds, and cutting forces than most CNC routers can provide. For such materials, a CNC milling machine or CNC plasma cutter is a better option.
In summary, while CNC routers can cut certain non-ferrous metals effectively, achieving good results depends on using the right tools, settings, and a suitable machine. Harder metals are best reserved for CNC milling machines or other specialized equipment built to handle the demands of tougher materials.
